Evidence Collection: Continuous, Automated, Tamper-Evident

Traditional compliance audits require teams to scramble for evidence: screenshots of configurations, exports of logs, manual attestations. smartNOC collects evidence continuously as a byproduct of normal operations. When auditors ask, you query—not scramble.

Evidence Pipeline Evidence Types Auditor Interface
The Evidence Problem

Traditional compliance programs face recurring challenges:

  • Manual Collection: Engineers manually gather screenshots, configuration exports, and log samples
  • Point-in-Time: Evidence is collected when asked for, not continuously
  • Gaps & Inconsistency: Different engineers collect evidence different ways
  • Tampering Risk: No way to prove evidence hasn't been altered
  • Storage Chaos: Evidence scattered across SharePoint, wikis, email
  • Retention Uncertainty: No systematic retention or deletion

The typical organization spends 200-400 hours per year collecting and organizing compliance evidence. smartNOC eliminates this entirely.

The smartNOC Evidence Pipeline

Continuous Evidence Collection

Evidence collection is built into every layer of the smartNOC architecture. Instead of documenting what you did, the platform continuously proves what it's doing.

Build Evidence

Source: Build pipeline

Artifacts: Signed images, SBOMs, package manifests, build logs, reproducibility attestations

Retention: Permanent archive, cryptographically signed

Provisioning Evidence

Source: Provisioning engine

Artifacts: Role assignments, certificate issuance, network configuration, approval workflows

Retention: Lifecycle of resource + 1 year

Configuration Evidence

Source: Ansible, CMDB, SELinux

Artifacts: Configuration snapshots, policy modules, firewall rules, service definitions

Retention: All changes retained, queryable by timestamp

Runtime Evidence

Source: Monitoring agents, SELinux audit, system logs

Artifacts: Process execution, resource usage, access attempts, anomaly detections

Retention: 90 days rolling, extended for anomalies

Access Evidence

Source: SSH logs, HTTP access logs, database audit

Artifacts: Authentication events, authorization decisions, data access, privilege escalation

Retention: 1 year minimum, 7 years for CUI access

Validation Evidence

Source: Doghouse, vulnerability scans

Artifacts: Compliance test results, vulnerability reports, remediation proofs, control validations

Retention: Permanent archive of all test runs

Evidence Categories

Technical Control Evidence

smartNOC collects evidence mapped to specific NIST 800-171 control families and assessment procedures.

Control Family Evidence Types Collection Method Frequency
Access Control Certificate inventory, RBAC policies, access logs, denied access attempts Certificate authority logs, CMDB exports, SELinux audit Continuous
Audit & Accountability Audit log integrity hashes, retention proofs, log shipping status, audit policy Database checksums, message bus metrics, monitoring agent health checks Real-time
Configuration Management Base image signatures, configuration drift reports, change approvals, package SBOMs Build attestations, monitoring agents, CMDB workflow logs On change
Identification & Authentication Certificate issuance records, authentication events, MFA challenges, session logs Certificate authority database, SSH logs, application logs Per event
System & Comm Protection TLS handshake logs, cipher suite usage, network flow logs, encryption validation Service logs, Doghouse tests, network monitoring Continuous
System & Info Integrity Vulnerability scan results, patch status, anomaly detections, malware scan logs Package manager, monitoring alerts, Doghouse scans Daily + on-demand

Operational Evidence

Beyond technical controls, smartNOC collects evidence of operational processes:

  • Change Management: All changes logged with approver, timestamp, and rollback procedure
  • Incident Response: Alert generation, escalation, containment actions, and resolution
  • Backup & Recovery: Backup completion logs, integrity checks, test restoration results
  • Maintenance Windows: Scheduled maintenance records, actual downtime, validation results
  • Training & Awareness: Integration with HR systems for security training completion
Tamper-Evident Storage

Evidence integrity is maintained through cryptographic techniques that make tampering immediately detectable.

Append-Only Logs

Audit logs are written to database append-only tables. Once written, records cannot be modified or deleted. Attempted modifications trigger alerts and are themselves logged.

Cryptographic Hashing

Each batch of log entries is hashed using SHA-256. Hashes are chained: hash(N) includes hash(N-1). Any tampering breaks the chain, providing immediate detection.

Time-Stamping

All evidence includes NTP-synchronized timestamps. Clock skew is monitored and alerted. For high-assurance needs, integration with RFC 3161 timestamping authorities available.

Integrity Validation: Auditors can independently verify evidence integrity by recomputing hash chains and comparing to stored values. Any discrepancy indicates tampering or corruption.

Auditor Interface

Read-Only Auditor Access

smartNOC provides a read-only interface for auditors and assessors to query evidence without requiring direct system access.

Query Capabilities

  • Time-Bounded Queries: "Show all access to CUI by user X between dates Y and Z"
  • Control-Based Queries: "Provide evidence of AC-3 enforcement for the past 90 days"
  • Configuration Snapshots: "Show the firewall configuration as of date X"
  • Change History: "List all configuration changes to system Y since last audit"
  • Incident Timeline: "Reconstruct incident I with all related events"
  • Compliance Status: "Show current compliance status for all 110 controls"

Evidence Export Formats

Evidence can be exported in multiple formats for assessor convenience:

  • PDF Reports: Formatted compliance reports with charts and summaries
  • CSV/Excel: Tabular data for auditor analysis and cross-referencing
  • JSON/XML: Machine-readable formats for automated assessment tools
  • SCAP Datastreams: Security Content Automation Protocol format for federal systems
  • OSCAL: Open Security Controls Assessment Language for FedRAMP/NIST compliance

Auditor Workflow

  1. Request Access: Auditor requests read-only access with time bounds and scope
  2. Credential Issuance: Time-limited certificate issued, MFA enforced
  3. Evidence Query: Auditor executes saved queries or creates custom queries
  4. Evidence Review: Results displayed in web interface or exported
  5. Validation: Auditor can validate integrity hashes independently
  6. Export: Evidence package exported for official record

Audit Trail: All auditor queries and exports are themselves logged, providing evidence of assessment activities.

Pre-Built Evidence Packages

Common Compliance Scenarios

smartNOC includes pre-configured evidence packages for common compliance scenarios:

Annual Assessment Package

Comprehensive evidence for all 110 NIST 800-171 controls covering the past 12 months. Includes configuration snapshots, access logs, test results, and change history.

Incident Response Package

Complete timeline reconstruction for security incidents. Includes initial detection, containment actions, affected systems, remediation steps, and lessons learned.

ATO Evidence Package

Evidence specifically formatted for Authority to Operate submissions. Includes security plan mappings, continuous monitoring reports, and POA&M tracking.

Quarterly POA&M Update

Plan of Action & Milestones evidence showing remediation progress, newly identified weaknesses, and compliance trend analysis.

Each package includes an integrity manifest with cryptographic signatures, ensuring the evidence package itself hasn't been tampered with.

Continuous Monitoring Evidence

For systems under continuous monitoring (ConMon), smartNOC automatically generates required evidence artifacts:

Monthly ConMon Reports

  • Security posture changes since last report
  • New vulnerabilities discovered and remediation status
  • Configuration changes with approvals
  • Access anomalies and investigation outcomes
  • Control effectiveness measurements
  • Trending analysis (improving, stable, degrading)

Real-Time Security Dashboards

AwarenessUI provides live dashboards showing:

  • Current compliance status by control family
  • Open security findings with severity and age
  • System health and availability metrics
  • Recent security events and alerts
  • Patch compliance percentage
  • Upcoming certificate expirations

Continuous monitoring transforms compliance from an annual event to an ongoing state. smartNOC's evidence automation makes ConMon sustainable without adding operational burden.

Cost Savings: Evidence Automation ROI

Industry data shows evidence collection consumes 200-400 hours annually for typical organizations. At $150/hour fully-loaded cost, that's $30K-$60K per year.

smartNOC eliminates this cost entirely. Evidence queries that previously took days now take seconds. Audit preparation that consumed weeks now requires hours for final review.

Additional ROI factors:

  • Reduced Audit Findings: Complete, consistent evidence reduces "unable to verify" findings
  • Faster Issue Resolution: Tamper-evident logs enable rapid root cause analysis
  • Lower Insurance Premiums: Demonstrable security controls may qualify for cyber insurance discounts
  • Competitive Advantage: Faster ATO and compliance certifications mean faster time-to-revenue
See Evidence Automation in Action

Schedule a demonstration of smartNOC's evidence collection and auditor interface. We'll show you:

  • Live queries against tamper-evident evidence store
  • Evidence package generation for sample assessment
  • Integrity verification and hash chain validation
  • Pre-built evidence packages for common scenarios
  • Continuous monitoring dashboard and trending